改革开放40年农业机械化发展与制度变迁
Institutional Change During Development Process of Agricultural Mechanization in 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up in China

运用制度变迁理论对改革开放40年来农业机械化发展历程进行了梳理，研究表明，市场需求诱致性变迁与政府强制性制度变迁协同发展、共同作用是推动我国农业机械化发展的主要动力，也是农业机械化取得辉煌成就的关键原因。展望未来，“增机减人”的趋势不可逆转，国家仍将加大对农机化发展的支持力度并更加注重质量和效益。依循制度变迁理论分析思路，当前推进农机化发展要加强科技创新和技术推广，聚焦绿色发展，加强“两个融合”，强化公共服务。
This article uses the institutional change theory of new institutional economics to analyze the development process of agricultural mechanization in China during the 40 years of reform and opening-up. The results show that the synergistic development and the joint effect of market demand-induced institutional change and government compulsory institutional change are the main driving forces for the development of agricultural mechanization in China since the reform and opening-up, and also the key reason for the brilliant achievements of agricultural mechanization. Based on the institutional change theory, we think that the trend of the development of agricultural mechanization will be mainly reflected in three aspects: the trend of “increasing mechanization and reducing manual labor” will be irreversible; the state will increase the support for the development of agricultural mechanization; the quality and benefit of agricultural mechanization will be higher. To promote the development of agricultural mechanization in the near future, we should strengthen the innovation of science and technology, accelerate technology popularization, focus on green development, strengthen “the integration of two aspects” and strengthen public services.