农业合作社的经济均衡——基于新古典框架的分析
Economic Equilibrium of Agricultural Cooperatives——Based on Analysis of Neo-classical Framework

在完备市场和经济理性人假设下，采用新古典框架对合作社进行经济均衡分析，是对合作社的性质及其在农产品市场中所起作用研究的重要方面。在整理已有文献的基础上，将合作社视为追求单一目标的特殊企业组织形式，分别构建了传统购买、销售合作社及新型深加工合作社的经济均衡模型。研究发现，传统购买销售合作社为生产资料的卖方垄断和农产品买方垄断市场增加了竞争性因素，使农业生产效率提高，均衡产量增加。新型深加工“合作社—农户社员”系统存在一种自我调节机制，使系统在偏离均衡状态时自动向均衡方向调节。这一模型解释了“新一代合作社”中“股份—交易份额”同一的规定，如何使其保持在最大生产效率下经营。
Economic equilibrium analysis of agricultural cooperative using neo-classic frame under the assumption of economic rationality and complete market plays an important role in the study of the nature of cooperative and the its role in agricultural product market. On the basis of the existing literature reviewed, this paper establishes an economic equilibrium model of traditional purchasing & sales cooperatives and the new intensive processing cooperative based on the hypothesis that the cooperative is the special form of business organization to pursue the goal of a single hypothesis. The study finds that the traditional purchase & sale cooperatives bring competitive factors to the market characterized by the seller’s monopoly of the means of agricultural production and buyer’s monopoly of agricultural product. There is a self-regulating mechanism in the new deep-processing cooperative-household member system, which makes the system automatically adjust to the equilibrium direction in the deviation from the equilibrium state. The model explains the operation mechanism of “New Generation Cooperatives”.