纳入环境外部性的粮食生产率测算及增长分析
Incorporating Environmental Externality Into Agricultural Productivity and Growth Analysis

忽略面源污染外部性的生产率分析影响了研究结果的政策指导价值,而从非期望产出角度构造的生产率分析难以用于冬小麦生产。本文在方向距离函数的基础上,构造了投入产出双视角Malmquist-Luenberge(DML)指数,将环境影响纳入到生产率中,通过分析带来环境污染投入的效率可以获得技术效率与环境效率。使用DML指数方法,以11个冬小麦主产区2004-2011年投入产出的面板数据进行实证研究,结果表明,整个时期全要素生产率(TFP)仅增长了4.41%,其中技术效率提高了3.20%,技术进步为1.17%,环境效率为2.45%;南北方TFP均有所提高,但北方表现为技术和环境效率的下降,南方则存在轻微的技术退步。
Productivity analysis without considering non point source pollution decreased the guidance value of policy making. Considering the difficulty of using undesirable output oriented productivity indexes in agriculture, a new index, Double Oriented Malmquist Luenberge（DML）index, has been proposed for estimating agriculture productivity by referencing to directional distance function’s idea. By incorporating environmental externality into productivity analysis, DML index can be transferred into technical efficiency and environmental efficiency with the analysis of environmental related input. Empirical study by using DML to estimate 11 provinces’ winter wheat production in China during 2004-2011 suggests that, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) has a slightly increase of 4.41%, including 3.20% increase of technology efficiency change, 1.17% technology change, and 2.45% environmental efficiency change; TFP increased both in Northern and Southern provinces, technology efficiency and environmental efficiency decreased in North, and technology decreased slightly.