绝对贫困和主观贫困抑制还是激发农民政治参与？
Does Absolute Poverty and Subjective Poverty Inhibit or Stimulate Farmers’ Political Participation?

以我国5省(区)10县1 000户农户调研数据为基础，通过建构多维分析框架探究绝对贫困与主观贫困对农民政治参与的抑制效应或激发作用。研究发现：在当前农村政治环境中的不同贫困标准下，绝对贫困对农民高、低层次政治参与态度的抑制效应都不显著，但对农民高、低层次政治参与行为的影响各不相同。其中，在国际3.1美元贫困标准和2010年国家贫困线下，绝对贫困对农民高、低层次政治参与行为均有显著抑制效应。不仅如此，论贫困标准高低，绝对贫困对农民低层次政治参与态度与行为正向自洽的抑制效应都不明显，然而在中等以上贫困标准下，绝对贫困均可显著抑制农民高层次政治参与态度与行为的正向自洽。此外，主观贫困标准虽对农民低层次政治参与态度和高层次政治参与行为显著影响，但对他们低层次政治参与行为和高层次政治参与态度有明显激发作用；而且农民主观贫困标准越高，越能促进其高、低层次政治参与态度与行为的正向自洽。
This paper explored the adverse effect or positive effect of absolute poverty and subjective poverty on farmers’ political participation through building a multi-dimensional analysis framework, using the data of 1000 households from 10 counties in 5 provinces. The findings indicate that under the rural political environment with different poverty standards, absolute poverty has significant impact on farmers’ high and low level of political participation behavior, while its adverse impact on farmers’ attitude to participate in politics is not significant. To be specific, under the international highest poverty standard and China’s national poverty standard in 2010, absolute poverty has significant and adverse effect on farmers’ high and low level of political participation behavior. Moreover, no matter whether the poverty standard is high or low, absolute poverty has indistinctively adverse effect on the self-consistency of farmers’ low level of political participation attitude and behavior. While under the medium above poverty standard, absolute poverty shall significantly inhibit the self-consistency of farmers’ high level of political participation attitude and behavior. Besides, although subjective poverty standard has no significant impact on farmers’ low level of political participation attitude or high level of political participation behavior, it significantly stimulates low level of political participation behavior and high level of political participation attitude, meanwhile with higher subjective poverty standard, the self-consistency of farmers’ high and low level of political participation attitude and behavior will be further promoted.