土地非农化过程中的公私伙伴关系——以澳门新口岸为例(1962-1985)
Public-Private Partnership in Context of Urban Land Development——With Macau ZAPE Land Development Project (1962-1985) as an Example

当前内地政府主导的土地非农化过程中,存在着不少问题,而政府通过角色转变,与私营部门建立公私伙伴关系的共同参与,或许可以成为解决这些问题的制度选择。这方面的案例有,20世纪60年代到80年代澳葡政府和澳门旅游娱乐公司建立伙伴关系,顺利完成澳门新口岸土地的非农化任务。研究结果表明:政府创造的制度空间和私营部门的利益诉求成为公私伙伴关系的前提,彼此协作、利益协调和制度保障则是公私伙伴关系的路径。公私伙伴关系参与土地非农化过程,不仅可以实现双方利益最大化,而且也会对政府的公共政策以及私营部门的行为模式产生积极的影响。
There are various practical problems in terms of the current mainland urban secondary land development mode which mainly characterized by the leadership of urban government. Changing the role of government and establishing Public-Private Partnership (PPP) with private sector seems to be a reasonable institutional choice which can be considered as the solution to problems mentioned above. In this regard, the PPP established by the Portuguese Macau government and the STDM in the case of land development project of ZAPE farm land in 1960s-1980s deserves further study. This case shows that the institutional space created by the urban government and the thirst for profit maximization of private sector is the precondition of PPP. The policy and resource synergy between each partner, the coordination of interests between public/private partners and stakeholders as well as the establishment of an institutional guarantee are key components of the process of PPP. The consequence of PPP is twofold. On the one hand it can create a win-win situation within urban land development. On the other hand, due to the mutual influence during the PPP process, public/private partners may transform mutually.