农户农业收入差异视角下 小型农田水利设施供给效果评估
Assessment of Effectiveness of Small-sized Farmland Water Conservancy Facilities Supply in Terms of Farmer Households’ Agricultural Income Gap

近年来，随着财政农业农村支出持续增加，中央基建投资继续向小型农田水利基础设施建设倾斜，我国小型农田水利设施供给水平不断提高。通过对河南、宁夏、陕西3省1 434户农户实地调查表明，农民对小型农田水利设施的效果评价处于中等偏上水平，这一结果与不同农户间农业收入差异有密切关系。通过采用有序Logit模型，基于1 434户微观农户数据，探析不同农业收入水平农户关于小型农田水利设施供给效果的评价及影响因素。结果表明，农户需求是否满足、与邻村比较情况、农田水利设施灌溉的便利性及其维护管理情况是影响不同农业收入差异农户评价小型农田水利设施供给效果的关键因素。农户性别、子女是否上学、近五年供给变化情况、水利管理部门重视程度、灌溉用水价格对部分农业收入差异组农户评价小型农田水利设施供给效果影响也较显著。从进一步提升小型农田水利设施供给水平、加强基层水利管理部门职能转变、完善小型农田水利设施监管机制和农户需求表达机制四个方面提出了建议。
Small-sized farmland water conservancy facilities supply in China is increasing as the central government has put much weight on it when making infrastructure investment with the increasing spending of public funds on agriculture and rural areas. Field survey on 1 434 farmer households in the provinces of Henan, Ningxia and Shaanxi shows that farmers think the effectiveness of small-sized farmland water conservancy facilities supply is moderate and above, with “somewhat good” and “very good” accounting for 45.33%, and “normal” 30.26%, “poor” and “very poor” 19.04% and 5.37% respectively. Research shows that the differences in assessment are closely related to farmer households’ income gap. Therefore, factors influencing farmer households’ assessment on the effectiveness of small-sized farmland water conservancy facilities supply are explored with ordinal Logit model and data from 1 434 farmer households. The results show that the key factors are the level of farmer households’ needs being met, comparison with neighboring villages, and the convenience and maintenance of farmland water conservancy facilities. The factors of gender of farmers, children receiving education currently, supply change in the past five years, emphasis of water conservancy authority, and price of irrigation water have significant effect on some farmers’ assessment in part of agricultural income group. Suggestions are provided in four respects: to further improve the level of small-sized farmland water conservancy facilities supply, to enhance the transformation of local water conservancy administration functions, to perfect small-sized farmland water conservancy facilities monitoring mechanism, and to perfect farmers’ needs expression mechanism.