应用型本科高校“转型”：发展困境与生态定位
Transformation of Application-oriented Universities: Development Predicament and Ecological Location

引导一批应用型本科高校转型举办本科职业教育，是 国家层面加快发展现代职业教育的战略举措，也是这类高校 寻求生态发展的必然选择。我国高等教育生态系统中，应用 型本科高校群体的生态结构和生态功能面临诸多问题，突出 表现为教育类型定位的“应用型”与“学术型”游离问题，办 学定位缺乏个体多样性，专业设置缺乏错位互补性，培养规 格与专科高职缺乏层次衔接性。应用型本科高校必须矫正和 优化生态位，与学术型本科院校生态位适当分离，与专科高 职院校生态位适当重叠，确立本科职业院校功能定位及特 色，创新中国“应用技术大学”的培养模式。
It is a national strategic measure to steer a batch of application-oriented universities towards undergraduate vocational education, which serves as an inevitable choice for the ecological location for those types of universities and accelerates the development of modern vocational education. In the ecosystem of higher education, the ecological structure and function of application-oriented universities encounter many issues such as alienation of application type and academic type in education, lack of individuality and diversity in ways of running a school, no complementation in specialty setup, as well as lack of hierarchy and cohesion for training standard in comparison with vocational institutes. To tackle those issues, application-oriented universities are well-advised to modify and optimize their ecological niche, being partially distinct from that of academic universities and enjoying partial overlapping with that of vocational institutes, and establish functional localization and characteristics of undergraduate vocational education so as to innovate the cultivation mode of application-oriented vocational universities.