二战后美国高校学术休假制度的新动向
New Tendency of Sabbatical Leave in American Institutions of Higher Education since World War II

学术休假制度是美国高校教师专业发展的常规制度之一。 二战后美国高校的学术休假制度不断改革和调整，学术休假目标 逐渐注重教学目的，缓解了教学与科研的价值冲突。学术休假主 体进一步多元化，低级职务的教师和教学行政管理人员开始纳 入学术休假的范围，保障了大学教师的学术民主权益。通过颁布 学术休假相关法规和政策声明，学术休假制度更加规范透明，逐 渐从校内规定上升为州一级的统一规定，并致力于建立统一、全 面、公正的学术休假制度，学术休假有了全国性的规范标准可供 借鉴。
Sabbatical leave is one of the conventional systems of faculty professional development. After World War II, the sabbatical leave system has been reformed and adjusted continuously, the purpose of sabbatical leave has focused on teaching gradually and the conflict between teaching and research has been alleviated. The subject of sabbatical leave became diversified. Junior teachers and administrators were covered by sabbatical leave system, and the right and interest of teachers in universities has been protected. Sabbatical leave became more standard and transparent by issuing related laws and policy statement, and the related rules upgraded from university to state level used for reference. To build a unified, comprehensive and fair sabbatical leave system, national standard used for reference has been established.