张士一与弗斯语境教学理论比较研究
A Comparative Study on Situational Teaching Theory Between ZHANG Shi-yi and J.R.Firth

张士一和弗斯是同一时代东西方极负盛名的语言学家 和语言教学专家。史料表明，张士一和弗斯都曾在当时提出并 创建过一种在各自国度属于原创的本土的外语教学的新理论： 外语语境教学理论。“语境”成为二者开创教学新理论的核 心。从历史比较视角看，张士一提出外语语境教学理论的时间 更早。他们两人的外语语境教学理论在形成与发展、主要教学 观点、影响及价值等方面存有异同，不仅是后来风靡一时的外 语情景教学法的理论渊源与思想基础，还对直接法、功能意念 法、交际教学法等外语教学流派产生了潜在影响。深入比较分 析他们这两种语境教学理论的异同，对当今外语教学理论与 实践的发展具有重要借鉴价值。
ZHANG Shi-yi and J.R. Firth were the most famous linguists and foreign language educationists at the same period. Historical evidences show that both ZHANG Shi-yi and J.R. Firth prospectively put forward and created an original and indigenous teaching and learning theory—Situational Teaching Approach of Foreign Languages in their own country. “Situation” is the core of their new theories. From the historical comparative perspective, ZHANG Shi-yi’s theory was presented earlier than J.R. Firth’s. What’s more, two theories are different on their formation and development, main teaching viewpoints, their influence and value. The two theories have not only become the theoretical base of “Situational Language Teaching Approach”, which was well-known for a long time, but also have influenced the direct method, functional-notional approach and communicative approach to some degree. Comparing and analyzing their similarities and differences would bring important experience and lessons for present foreign language teaching and learning.