西南联大教育成就的历史情境分析
Historical Scenario Analysis on National Southwest Associated University’s Educational Achievement

西南联大在短短的8年办学历史中，在极其艰苦的条 件下，培养出大批杰出人才，不能不让人惊叹她的巨大教育成 就。研究者将西南联大的成功归咎于大学自治、学术自由、民 主管理等因素，但是对这些要素是在什么样的历史情境中形 成的关注不多。通过继续追问这些要素生成的历史情境，有 助于探讨西南联大的精神，学术独立与自由，民主管理在当时 历史情境中如何能够形成的原因。西南联大的精神生成的历 史情境主要体现在：知识分子的爱国主义情怀被民族危难唤 醒；保存中华文脉的使命感被日本侵略者的图谋所警醒；知 识分子的社会责任感被社会现实所激发。西南联大学术自由 氛围形成的历史情境主要体现在：当时知识分子犬儒主义还 未形成；政府无力干预，自治传统得以延续；开明的地方政治 对学术自由的作用。西南联大学民主管理机制形成的历史情 境主要体现在：西南联大校际矛盾冲突缓和的需要，患难之 交的民主与宽容。
National Southwest Associated University had only eight years of history.But under the extremely difficult conditions，it had produced a large number of outstanding talents.People can not help marvelling at her great educational achievement.Some researchers attributed the great success to the University autonomy，academic freedom，democratic management in National Southwest Associated University.However,Few researchers have paid attention to how these elements were formed and what kind of a historical scenario had made them. The paper explored the elements which generated the historical scenario, that is, we discussed the reasons for why the ethos of Southwest Associated University,the academic independence and freedom,the democratic management approach were developed at that historical context. The historical context for the ethos of Southwest Associated University was mainly embodied in that the intellectual patriotic feelings was awakened by the dangers challenged our nation; the mission to continue China’s cultures was placed before them due to the invaders’ attempt to aggressive conspiracy; and Chinese intellectuals’ responsibility for the society was inspired by the grim social realities. The historical context for the freedom of the academic atmosphere in Southwest Associated University was mainly manifested in the absence of intellectual cynicism at that time,the inability for government to interfere with the academics, the traditional self-governance, the effect of enlightened local politics on academic freedom. The historical context of the democratic management mechanism in Southwest Associated University was mainly manifested in the need of mitigating the intercollegiate contradictions,the democracy and tolerance bred in the adversities shared by all parties at that time.