20世纪70年代美国高校组织发展的基本历程、 类型和启示
Institutional Development in U.S. Higher Education in 1970s, Basic History, Types and Reference

组织发展是大学教师发展的重要构成。20世纪70年 代美国大学教师发展逐步走向成熟，组织发展在此期间也有 了较大的进步。组织发展初期以培养管理人员的领导与管理 能力为主；后期涵盖组织的体制、机制等多个方面，内容逐渐 丰富。依据目标和对象的不同，组织发展可划分为针对个人、 政策、组织结构和资源提供四种类型。虽然仍有不足，但组织 发展突破了将教师作为唯一发展对象的局限，促进了教师发 展的全面性。中国大学教师发展应当重视组织发展，从组织管 理者、组织政策与结构以及资源提供等多个角度进行全面的 建设。
As a significant part of Faculty Development (FD), Institutional Development (ID) has made great progress in 1970s when FD was gradually ripe. ID, in its initial stage, focused on developing competence of administration; later, structure, policies and process were also included with numerous contents. By aims and objects, ID can be divided into four types, that are individual, policies, structure and resource. Imperfection thought, ID broke the limitation of focusing on faculty only, which has promoted the comprehensiveness of FD. Sufficient attention should be paid on ID for FD in China, with the comprehensive endeavor in the perspective of individual, policies, structure, resource and so on.