清末新政初期湖南改制书院兴办学堂的章程问题
The Chart of Hunan Educational Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty:From Academy to Schools

在清末新政初期湖南改书院兴学堂的过程中，为了使各 地兴学育才有章可循，订立办学章程成为亟待解决的首要问 题。1902年初，湖南巡抚俞廉三通过考察比较东西各国学堂制 度以及山东学堂章程，制定并推行了《开办大学堂章程》及《开 办蒙养小中学堂章程》，全省迅速形成有序的学堂体系。随后， 清政府先后颁布的 《钦定学堂章程》与《奏定学堂章程》又成 为湖南办学的新标准，先后得到了省府的大力推行。俞廉三不 仅重视办学章程的制定，也以各种方式督促地方严格按章程 办学，从而使得新政初期湖南书院改制的数量和速度都明显 领先于其他各省。
To issue a chart of educational reform was an urgent point during the transformation from academy to school in Hunan at the beginning of the New Deal in the Late Qing Dynasty. The governor of Hunan Province, YU Lian-san issued the chart of college and the chart of middle school and primary school respectively, by comparing the chart of other regions. Later, the central government issued two charts of educational reform which became the new standard in Hunan Province. The governor of Hunan Province took measures to carry out theses charts which made the educational reform(from academy to school) in Hunan Province was superior to other provinces in both number and speed.