“以院建校”管理体制的学理探讨 　　　——结合剑桥大学的学院制分析
Analysis on the Construction of Management System Named "To Develop a University Based on the Collegiate System"

高校管理权力下移是当下我国高等教育建构新管理 体制的尝试，这一改革举措包含了历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实 践逻辑，其目标是建构“以院建校”的管理体制，改革的具体 举措是拨款、放权、给责、增效，但改革并不必然形成和确立 有效的新管理体制。历史悠久的剑桥大学是“学院制”传统 且典型的代表，基于传统特色而形成的优势对这一改革有参 照作用。在改革过程中，权力下移模式的选择、“多中心”形 成的院系竞争、校级权力作用的效度和院系决策的整体有效 性等等，是建构有效的“以院建校”体制必须解决的主要问 题。解决问题的基本途径是建立分工明确的校院责任结构、 有效的对话沟通机制和整体性的合作决策模式。
The devolution of internal management in colleges and universities has become an attempt for the construction of management system in higher education reform in China. The reform measures include historical, theoretical and practical logic, constructing a school-building-university management system is reform objective. The specific measures are providing money, delegating powers to lower levels, defining responsibilities and improving efficiency, but the reform does not necessarily form and establish a new effective management system. Cambridge University has a long history and is a typical representative of the collegiate system, which is based on the traditional characteristics, so it can be the reference of the reform. Some main problems need to be resolved in the process of reform, such as choosing the model of decentralization, department competitions caused by the multiple centers in universities, validity of university power and department decision-making. The solution is to establish a clear division of responsibility structure, an effective communication mechanism and a cooperative decision-making model.