大学教师学术自由的普遍价值
The Universal Value about University Teachers’ Academic Freedom

大学教师学术自由可以从消极和积极层面来认识和把 握。所谓消极学术自由意味着教师免于社会、政府、大学学术 组织的不正当干涉、限制；而积极学术自由则是指大学教师在 学术研究、学术传播中能依据自我意志做出自由选择、决定。 可见，学术自由是大学教师从事学术实践活动的基本工具，它 所具有的价值意义具体体现在个人福祉和公共福祉两个方面。 一方面，大学教师自由的学术生活是一种幸福的学术生活；另 一方面，这一学术自由以寻求知识的客观性和道德性统一为旨 归，在很大程度上保障了公众的实质性福祉。
University teachers’ academic freedom can be understood and grasped from negative and positive aspects. The negative academic freedom means that university teachers are free from improper interference and limitation of society, government and university academic organizations. While positive academic freedom means that university teachers can make free choices and decisions according to their own self-will in academic research and academic communication. Therefore, academic freedom is the basic tool for university teachers to engage in academic activities. Its value is embodied in personal welfare and public welfare. On one hand, university teachers’ free academic life is a kind of happy academic life; on the other hand, the purport of academic freedom is to seek the objectivity of knowledge and moral unity, which to a large extent guarantee the essence of public welfare.