论书院的形态
On the Morphology of Ancient Academies

历史上书院形态呈现多样化的特征，除授受儒家学说的教学型书院外，佛道的宗教书院、官员休憩的园林书院、宗族的祠堂书院等以不同形式存在。书院形态的多样性因社会向慕、威权压力和书院的民间性等原因而发生。认识书院形态的多样性，对从整体上把握书院发展史，认识书院文化形成的多元取向，形成多学科交叉的书院研究或有帮助。
There is a diversity of morphological characteristics in ancient academies. Besides certain teaching academies that initiated Confucianism, various forms of academies did exist in ancient China, such as religious academy where Buddhist was found by monks or Taoist priests, the garden academy where officers generally had a rest, as well as the academy of ancestral temple. Due to people's admiration, depression from authorities and the civil characteristic of the academy, multiple forms of academies did get into a full flourish at that time. Researching on the ancient academy morphology has considerable significance to the perception of overall history and cultural orientation of ancient academy, according to which we can change the research paradigm and build a multidisciplinary research system of ancient academy study.