清真雅正与清代书院八股文教育
The Clear, the True, the Elegant, the Positive and the Education of Eight-part Essay in Academies in Qing Dynasty

清真雅正是清代朝廷推行的衡文准则，包括在理、法、辞、气等方面有所要求。为了引导生徒作文步入正轨以及促进健康文风的形成，清代一些书院将清真雅正纳入八股文教育的范畴，清真雅正在书院学规、课艺甄选、课艺评点等内容中有着重要体现。为了便于生徒理解清真雅正，施教者要求研习明清时期八股文名家善本，用范文来指导习作。清代一些书院在进行清真雅正教育时，重视将为文上的开导与为人上的训迪结合起来，从而为国家培养品学兼优的科举人才，实现文学教育的崇高理想。
The clear, the true, the elegant and the positive were writing evaluation criteria in Qing Dynasty which included certain requirements for reason, method, word and momentum. In order to guide students’ writing on the right track and promote the formation of a healthy writing style,leaders in academy applied the clear, the true, the elegant and the positive into the education area of eight-part essay. The idea of the criteria was thoroughly reflected in the education rule,course selection and performance review. In order to facilitate understanding,leaders suggested that students should learn from eight-part essays of famous writers.More importantly,part of these academices attached great importance to the improvement of both writing skills and private morality,which targeted on the ultimate goal to cultivate talents excellent in both character and learning for the nation.