八股应试教育：清代书院改革的主要指向
Examination-oriented Education of Eight-part Essay:The Main Goal of Academy Reform in Qing Dynasty

随着科举以八股文为考试文体的弊端日渐暴露，书院片面强调八股文教学的现象受到猛烈的抨击。有的书院将实学和西学引入书院，试图改变书院的教学内容，但却收效甚微。直至慈禧太后延续戊戌维新的科举改革措施，废除八股文，使片面强调八股文教学的书院失去其存在的合理性，最终被清廷宣布改制为新式学堂。因此，对八股取士的批评推动了书院的改革，八股文的废止则直接推动了书院的改制。
With the disadvantages of imperial examination which took the eight-part essay as examination style increasingly exposed，the phenomenon that academy unilaterally emphasized on eight-part essay teaching has been sharply slammed. Some academies introduced real learning and Western learning into colleges，trying to change the academy teaching content. However，the situation of academy which regarded eight-part essay as the main teaching content failed to show a big change. Until the Empress Dowager CiXi implemented the New Deal，abolishing the eight-part essay made academy which one-sided emphasized the eight-part essay teaching lost its rationality of existence.Eventually, it was reformed to be a kind of new-style school by the announcement of Qing court. Therefore，the criticism of scholastic election based on eight-part essay promoted the academy reform and the abolition of eight-part essay directly promoted the restructure of academy system.