论萧伯纳戏剧对易卜生的继承与超越
On Bernard Shaw’s Inheriting and Surpassing of Ibsen’s Plays

易卜生与萧伯纳是欧洲戏剧现代进程中的两个关键人物。萧伯纳在其《易卜生主义的精华》中，把易卜生戏剧的主题认定为“理想主义者批判”，指出易卜生的戏剧讨论技巧具有划时代的意义。萧伯纳创造性地误读了易卜生，并从其思想艺术中汲取力量，走上了自己的戏剧之路。萧伯纳早期戏剧的理想主义者批判，矛头针对维多利亚时代虚伪的道德风尚，20世纪后，则指向各种禁锢心灵的意识形态力量。通过“讨论”的系统应用，萧伯纳使戏剧从重视外部情节的冲突，转向表现思想观念的冲突。这种“萧式观念剧”，超越了易卜生，引领了欧洲现代戏剧发展的新方向。
Henrik Ibsen and George Bernard Shaw are two key contributors in the modern process of European Drama. In The Quintessence of Ibsenism, Bernard Shaw concludes that anti-idealist is one of the important themes of Ibsen’s plays, and the technique of discussion is a landmark for dramaturgy. Inspired by Ibsen, Bernard Shaw criticizes various idealists in morality and ideology of his time, and applies the technique of discussion to shift the notice on the well-made play into his Shavian Drama of Ideas. By these ways, the traditional external plot conflicts in plays are transferred to the conflicts among different thoughts and ideas. Thus, Bernard Shaw surpasses Ibsen and guides the new orientation of European Drama.