岭回归法分析孕期郑州市大气污染物暴露与新生儿出生形态特征的关系
Association between birth characteristics and ambient air pollution during maternal pregnancy in Zhengzhou by ridge regression

目的:探索新生儿出生形态特征与母亲孕期大气污染物SO2、NO2和PM10暴露的关系。方法:以2010年至2012年在郑州市某卫生院生产的527对健康产妇及其单胎活产新生儿为研究对象,电子秤测量新生儿出生体重,卧式身长计测量出生身长,皮尺测量出生腹围和头围; 全自动监测分析2009年至2011年当地大气中SO2、NO2和PM10的24 h平均浓度; 调整可能的混杂因素后,利用岭回归法分析不同孕期母亲SO2、NO2和PM10暴露水平与新生儿出生形态特征的关系。结果:岭回归结果显示,母亲孕期SO2暴露平均浓度与新生儿出生体重、身长和头围有关(β分别为-0.370、-0.371、-0.139,P<0.05),母亲孕期NO2暴露平均浓度与新生儿出生体重和身长有关(β分别为0.329、0.259,P<0.001)。孕期分层分析发现,随着母亲孕早、中、晚期SO2及孕晚期PM10暴露浓度的增加,新生儿出生体重减少(β分别为-0.198、-0.253、-0.305、-0.143,P<0.05); 而随着孕中、晚期NO2及孕早期PM10暴露浓度的增加,新生儿出生体重增加(β分别为0.191、0.370、0.164,P<0.05); 随着母亲孕早、中期SO2及孕晚期PM10暴露浓度的增加,新生儿出生身长减少(β分别为-0.197、-0.186、-0.212,P<0.05),而随着孕早、晚期NO2及孕早期PM10暴露浓度的增加,新生儿出生身长增加(β分别为0.158、0.306、0.114,P<0.05); 随着孕晚期PM10暴露浓度的增加,新生儿出生腹围减少(β=-0.161,P<0.05),而随着孕早期PM10暴露浓度的增加,新生儿出生头围增加(β=0.177,P<0.05)。结论:新生儿出生形态特征受母亲孕期大气污染物暴露的影响,其影响与孕期不同阶段有关。
Aim: To analyze the association between birth characteristics and ambient air pollutants exposure during maternal pregnancy.Methods: A total of 527 healthy pregnant women delivered in some Zhengzhou Hospital during 2010-2012, were considered eligible for the study. Birth weight and birth length of the newborn were measured using horizontal weight/height measuring instrument, and abdominal circumference and head circumference were measured by measuring tape. The local air pollutants concentration data including SO2, NO2 and PM10 from 2009 to 2011 were detected using automatic monitoring system. Ridge regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of air pollution on birth characteristics adjusting for possible confounders in each trimester of pregnancy.Results: Ridge regression analysis showed that there were statistic correlations between maternal SO2 exposure level and birth weight, birth length, and head circumference(β=-0.370,-0.371 and -0.139, respectively,P<0.05), as well as between maternal NO2 exposure level and birth weight and birth length(β=0.329,0.259, respectively,P<0.05)during maternal pregnancy. With the increase of SO2 exposure level during the first, second, third pregnancy trimesters and PM10 exposure level during the third pregnancy trimester, birth weight decreased significantly(β=-0.198,-0.253,-0.305,-0.143, respectively,P<0.05); while with the increase of NO2 exposure level during the second, third pregnancy trimesters and PM10 exposure level during the first pregnancy trimester, birth weight increased(β=0.191,0.370,0.164, respectively,P<0.05). The reduction of birth length was associated with the increase of SO2 exposure level during the first and second pregnancy trimesters, and PM10 exposure level during the