儒家伦理实践中的参与者与观察者
Participants and Observers in Confucius Ethics Practice

在社会结构发生改变，人们从宗族社会中解放出来，个体性增强的情况下，伦理实践需要关注参与者与观察者彼此的身份关系。在当事人有多重身份的情况下，只有决策的科学性与程序的透明性才是他们真正代表不在场的参与者的前提。在信念与决策，决策与行为之间，存在着诸多间隔，其中不能排除情绪和利害关系的介入。认知上的误差和道德原则还不能满足政治法律的客观必然性要求。因之，如何超越参与者、当事人和旁观者各自的限制，使传统伦理观念的授受开拓新界域和新方法，参与者和观察者的身份相互转向成为必要。
The change in the social order has freed people from patriarchal society. With the strengthening of individualism, practical ethics should focus on the identity and relationship between participants and observers. Given the multiple identities of the person involved, a scientific decision and transplant process can ensure that he/she can genuinely speak for the absent participants. There are many gaps between mind, decision and practice, where motivation and interest come in. The gaps between mind and practice and the ethical principles are not the entire requisites for laws. As a result, how to surpass the limitations of the person involved, the participant and the narrator is necessary for us to accept and explore new boundary and methods for practical ethics as well as accept the change between participants and observers