协商民主的基层实践程序与效能检验① ――浙江温岭参与式公共预算的制度分析
Practicing Process of Deliberative Democracy and its Effectiveness Assessment： Analysis of Institutional Change of Participatory Budget of Wenling City

协商民主是一种有效的民意征集和利益整合方式，尤其是在中国基层社会的治理实践中。通过观察协商民主在浙江温岭市15年的实践程序发展，对其在基层治理中的效能进行了实证分析。温岭协商民主从最初的公共事务的民主恳谈，到重大公共工程项目预算的协商民意调查，最后形成整个乡镇与市级部门的参与式预算，呈现了协商民主在中国基层治理中的典型实验样本。在此基础上，对参与协商的样本科学性、协商前后参与人的态度变化、参与人地位与讨论团体的影响，进行了实证性的效能检验，并对实践程序的前提条件进行了归纳，分析了这一实践存在的问题。
Deliberative democracy (DD) is an effective way of collecting public opinion and integrating public interests, especially in the governance of China′s grassroots society. By reviewing the practicing process of deliberative democracy in Wenling City of Zhejiang Province in the past 15 years, we have conducted an empirical analysis of its effectiveness in grassroots governance. Deliberative democracy in Wenling demonstrates a typical experimental sample of DD in China`s local governance from the initial democratic forum of the public affairs (Minzhu Kentan) to the Deliberative Polling of the major projects` budget, and finally the participatory budget of towns and municipal departments of Wenling. The paper examines the validity of sample, the change of participants′ attitudes, the influence of status of participants and discussion groups. Finally, we summarize the preconditions of practicing process and some problems existing in this practice