2010-2015年西安市出生缺陷和空气污染的空间分布特征
Spatial distribution characteristics of birth defects and air pollution in Xi’an between 2010 and 2015

摘要：目的 分析西安市出生缺陷、空气污染的空间分布特征，探讨空气污染暴露与出生缺陷结局的相关性。方法 计算2010-2015年西安市空气污染物浓度的算术均值、中位数，描述其集中趋势；统计四分位间距描述其离散趋势；反距离权重空间插值法描述空气污染物在整个研究区域的分布情况。统计2010-2015年西安市各区县出生缺陷总的发生数，并结合活产儿监测数据计算出生缺陷发生率，描述其总体发生水平；利用全局趋势分析描述出生缺陷空间上的主体变化规律；采用秩相关分析出生缺陷和空气污染的相关性。结果 2010-2015年西安市空气污染物空间分布结果显示：SO2在莲湖区、雁塔区、灞桥区、碑林区、新城区等区县浓度较高；NO2在雁塔区、灞桥区、莲湖区、碑林区、新城区等区县浓度较高；PM10在灞桥区、雁塔区、新城区、未央区、阎良区等区县浓度较高；PM2.5在灞桥区、新城区、莲湖区、未央区、高陵区等区县浓度较高。2010-2015年西安市出生缺陷发生总数为6858例，围产儿总数为752142例，发生率为91.18/万。出生缺陷的空间分布自西向东和自南向北方向总体均呈倒“U”型特点，出生缺陷与NO2浓度正相关。结论 西安市空气污染和出生缺陷存在明显的地区差别，出生缺陷可能与NO2有一定的相关性。
ABSTRACT: Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of birth defects and air pollution in Xi’an and the correlation between air pollution exposure and birth defects. Methods In this study, we calculated the mean and median concentration of air pollutants in Xi’an between 2010 and 2015 to describe their concentration trends. Then we analyzed quartile range to describe their discrete trend. The spatial distribution of air pollution in the whole study area was calculated by inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation method to describe its overall occurrence level. The global trend was analyzed to describe the main body change pattern in the birth defect space. The total number of birth defects in the districts and counties of Xi’an between 2010 and 2015 was calculated and the incidence of birth defects was calculated according to the monitoring data of live births. Correlation between birth defects and air pollution was analyzed by rank correlation analysis. Results The spatial distribution of air pollutants in Xi’an between 2010 and 2015 was as follows: the concentration of SO2 was relatively high in Lianhu District, Yanta District, Baqiao District, Beilin District, and Xincheng District. The concentration of NO2 was relatively high in Yanta District, Baqiao District, Lianhu District, Beilin District, and Xincheng District. The concentration of PM10 was relatively high in Baqiao District, Yanta District, Xincheng District, Weiyang District, and Yanliang District. In Baqiao District, Xincheng District, Lianhu District, Weiyang District, and Gaoling District, the concentration of PM2.5 was relatively high. The total number of birth defects was 6858 cases in Xi’an between 2010 and 2015, and the total number of perinatal births was 752142 cases, with the incidence of 91.18 (1/10000). The spatial distribution of birth defects from the west to the east direction and from south to north direction was generally characterized of inverted U type. The birth defects were positively correlated with NO2