巨大儿发生状况及其影响因素分析
The occurrence of macrosomia and its influencing factors

摘要：目的 通过对咸阳地区巨大儿发生情况及影响因素进行分析，为巨大儿的预防提供理论依据。方法 本次研究数据来源于“陕西省出生缺陷现况及其危险因素调查”资料，选取咸阳地区巨大儿及其影响因素数据进行统计分析。率的比较采用χ？？2检验，影响因素分析采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归。结果 咸阳地区末次怀孕活产单胎巨大儿发生率为5.2%，其中男、女巨大儿发生率分别为6.5%、4.2%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)；2010-2013年各年巨大儿发生率分别为5.4%、6.2%、5.9%和4.4%，差异无统计学意义(P=0.151)；城乡巨大儿发生率分别为6.3%和5.5%，差异无统计学意义(P=0.556)；各县巨大儿发生率分别为彬县3.2%、长武5.6%、礼泉6.7%、乾县5.4%、武功8.0%、旬邑4.2%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Logistic回归显示婴儿性别、母亲年龄、孕次、产检次数、妇女孕期饮酒、父亲职业等因素是巨大儿发生率的影响因素。结论 咸阳地区2010-2013年巨大儿发生率接近全国平均水平。婴儿性别、母亲年龄、孕次、产检次数、妇女孕期饮酒、父亲职业有可能影响巨大儿的发生。
ABSTRACT: Objective To analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of macrosomia so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of macrosomia. Methods The data were selected from the findings of Survey on Prevalence and Risk Factors for Birth Defects in Shaanxi Province. This study intended to select data of macrosomia in Xianyang City and its influencing factors for statistical analysis. The rates were compared by χ？？2; the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results The incidence of fetal macrosomia among single live birth neonates in Xianyang was 5.2%. The incidence of macrosomia was 6.5% in males and 4.2% in females, with a significant difference (P<0.001). From 2010 to 2013 the annual incidence rate of macrosomia was 5.4%, 6.2%, 5.9% and 4.4%, with no significant difference (P=0.151). The incidence rate of macrosomia in urban and rural areas was 6.3% and 5.5%, respectively, without significant difference (P=0.556). The incidence of macrosomia was 3.2% in Binxian County, 5.6% in Changwu County, 6.7% in Liquan County, 5.4% in Qianxian County, 8.0% in Wugong County, and 4.2% in Xunyi County, with significant differences (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of macrosomia was related to the baby’s sex, mother’s age, the times of pregancy, the time of antenatal care, alcohol intake during pregnancy and father’s occupation. Conclusion The incidence of macrosomia of Xianyang from 2010 to 2013 was close to the national average. The sex of baby, mother’s age, the times of pregnancy, the times of antenatal care, drinking history during pregnancy and father’s occupation may affect the occurrence of macrosomia