采用高斯模型的垃圾焚烧污染物环境监测及布点
Monitoring Spots Setting for the Pollutants Emitted from Incinerators Based on Gaussian Model

针对垃圾焚烧厂之类的污染源所排放污染物对周边不同区域影响的动态监测问题,将基于高斯模型的模拟测算布点法与功能区布点法相结合,建立了监测布点模型。首先综合考虑监测区域周边气象条件、地形特征以及新定义的功能区分布,依据不同物理化学性质将污染物分为常规污染物和特殊污染物,从而引入简单地形和复杂地形下分别适用于两类污染物的微风扩散模式和烟尘扩散模式的高斯模型;然后采用统计的方法对这些因素进行处理,确定了模型中相应的参数,计算分析得出污染物浓度分布;最后与功能区布点法相结合,得到最终的动态监测布点方案。以深圳市宝安区拟建的垃圾焚烧厂为例,详细阐释了整个研究方法和步骤,并给出该垃圾焚烧厂周围环境设立9个分区监测点的方案。文中的研究角度、方法和步骤为解决垃圾焚烧厂等污染源的监测点设置问题提供了新思路。
A monitoring spots？？setting model is built to deal with the problem of dynamic monitoring for the influence of pollution on areas around its resources such as incinerators. The model combines the simulation estimation spots？？setting method based on Gaussian model and the functional district spots？？setting method. The meteorological condition, topographic patterns and the distribution of newly defined functional zones around the monitoring area are considered, and pollutants are classified into conventional pollutants and special pollutants according to their physical and chemical properties. A Gaussian fine breeze dispersion model and a Gaussian smoke diffusion model are introduced and are applicable for both types of pollutants in simple and intricate terrain areas. Then, the parameters in the models are determined by using statistical methods to process related factors and the model is solved to obtain the distribution of pollutants. A final dynamic monitoring spots？？setting scheme is obtained by combing the functional district spots？？setting method. The incinerator in Bao’an district of Shenzhen, China, is used as an example to give the procedure to use the model for setting nine monitoring spots. The research perspective, methods and procedure proposed in the paper provide a new thinking of how to locate monitoring points of pollutants such as refuse incinerators