利用粒子群算法的传感器优化布置及结构损伤识别研究
Optimal Placement of Sensors for Structural Damage Identification Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

为了合理布置结构健康监测系统中传感器的位置及满足结构损伤识别的要求,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的传感器优化布置方法。首先以模态保证准则(MAC)矩阵的最大非对角元极小化为目标,构造出满足优化条件的适应度函数,并采用改进的粒子群算法搜索出传感器的最佳布设位置;其次,利用振型扩充技术把有限测点的测量模态数据扩充为完整自由度模态数据,并利用所提损伤识别方法进行结构损伤识别;最后,通过一个二维平面桁架结构算例对所提方法进行有效性验证。数值结果表明,所提传感器布设方法能够高效地搜索出给定数目的传感器优化位置,且利用其优化结果能够准确地识别出结构的损伤位置和程度。
A method to optimize sensor locations based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented to reasonably arrange sensors in the structural health monitoring and to effectively identify the structural damage. Firstly, a fitness function is constructed as the optimization criterion by minimizing the maximum off？？diagonal element of the MAC matrix. Then, an improved PSO is used to find the optimal location of sensors. Secondly, a limited amount of incomplete measured modal data for the structure is expanded into complete modal data by using the dynamic expansion method. Then, a damage identification method is employed to identify the location and the extent of structural damage based on the complete modal data. Finally, a numerical example of the planar truss structure is taken to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively finds the optimal locations for a given number of sensors in a truss structure and accurately identifies the location and extent of structural damage using the measured modal data obtained from the optimized sensor distribution strategy