小型H型垂直轴风力机变桨机构的 优化设计与试验
Optimal Design of Pitch Mechanism for H？？Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

为解决现有垂直轴风力机风能利用率较低的问题,以获得风轮最大切向力为目标,分别获得了风轮上风区和下风区叶片的最佳理论攻角为8°和-8°,计算出了叶片一周桨距角调节策略。在此基础上,采用随机方向法对双曲柄变桨机构进行了优化设计,得到了不同叶尖速比下变桨机构的参数组合。为验证垂直轴风轮变桨机构的合理性,以叶尖速比2为例,利用ADAMS软件对变桨机构模型进行了运动学特性仿真,并采用旋转测角法对叶片桨距角变化曲线进行了数据拟合,计算结果显示:实际桨距角变化曲线与理想变桨曲线的贴合程度较高。风洞试验进一步证明:所设计的变桨距垂直轴风力机具有更好的自启动性能,且在现有风速下比定桨距垂直轴风力机的发电效率至少提高了7.86％。
In order to raise the utilization rate of wind energy in the existing vertical axis wind turbines, the theoretical optimum angles of attack 8° and -8° in upwind area and downwind areas, respectively, of wind rotor are determined for obtaining the maximum tangential force of the wind wheel, and the pitch angle adjustment strategy of blade is worked out. Based on this, the random direction method is applied to optimize the pitch mechanism and the parameter combinations of pitch mechanism at different tip speed ratios are obtained. To validate the pitch mechanism of vertical axis wind turbine, taking tip speed ratio 2 as an example, the kinematics simulation on the model is conducted by ADAMS software, and the rotation angle measuring method is used to fit the curve of blade pitch angle. The calculation results show that the actual pitch angle curve agrees well with the ideal pitch angle curve, which proves that the designed pitch mechanism of vertical axis wind turbine is feasible. Through wind tunnel tests, it was proved that the variable pitch vertical axis wind turbine has better self？？starting performance and the power generation efficiency is increased by at least 7.86％ than that of the existing vertical axis wind turbine with fixed pitch