基于机会成本的终端用户可靠性电价测算
Reliability pricing of the electricity end-users based on the opportunity cost

文章基于可靠性电价“高质高价”的市场化原则，根据供电可靠率和限电序位表，运用机会成本的原理，设计出终端用户的加权可靠率指标，作为用户可靠性电价的成本分摊依据，从而构建出终端用户的可靠性电价测算模型。文章以国内某地区电网公司的实际数据，选取高中低不同可靠性的样本用户，测算了各类用户适用的可靠性电价。研究结果表明，实施终端用户可靠性电价的改革有助于提高整个社会的用电经济效益；测算结果对于中国优化销售电价结构的市场化改革具有实践上的参考价值。
According to the reliability rate of power supply and the table of load limiting order, this article designs the weighted reliablilty rate as the cost-sharing index of an electricity end-user, builds a reliability pricing model of the electricity end-users based on the economic principle of opportunity cost and the market principle "high quality and high price". The study selects the different reliability samples from a domestic local grid company, collects the users' actual datas and calculates the electricity price of various reliability users. The research shows that the reliability pricing of the electricity end-users helps to improve the whole social economic efficiency. The calculating results can be refered to the market-oriented reform of existing terminal electricity price system in China.