对基层公务员素质缺陷公众容忍度的实证研究
Study on the public’s tolerance to the qualification defects of grass-roots civil servants and its inspiration

公众容忍度是公务员约束机制研究的重要内容，文章在分析基层公务员胜任素质模型和“零容忍”理念的基础上，主要采用问卷调查法探究了中国公众对基层公务员素质缺陷容忍度的现状及影响因素。研究一对1 022名基层公务员、企事业单位员工和大学生的问卷调查结果表明，公众对基层公务员素质缺陷容忍度的结构包括工作能力不足的容忍度、工作态度不端的容忍度、服务意识不佳的容忍度、贪污腐败的容忍度和工作作风不实的容忍度等五个维度；不同类型人口学变量的容忍度比较发现：除性别外，容忍度在身份、学历和收入等变量上均存在显著差异。研究二探讨了公众对公务员上述五种素质缺陷不同组合的容忍度，476份问卷调查结果显示：公众容忍度与公务员素质缺陷的数量呈负相关；相对而言公众最能够容忍工作能力不足，最不能容忍贪污腐败；影响公众容忍度的主要因素包括素质缺陷的危害性、可纠性、普遍性、原则性以及与公众利益的关联性。文章最后基于公众容忍度的视角，对构建有利于提高中国基层公务员队伍整体素质的社会伦理环境提出了对策建议。
Public tolerance is an important factor of civil servants constraint mechanism. This paper, based on the quality of the grass-roots civil competency model and the “zero tolerance” concept, uses questionnaires to explore the current situation and influencing factors of public tolerance to the quality of the grass-roots civil servants defect. The first research that studies on 1 022 persons shows the public’s tolerance to the qualification defects of grass-roots civil servants consists of five dimensions: tolerance to capability defects, tolerance to bad attitudes, tolerance to moral deficiencies, tolerance to corruption and tolerance to low achievements; different demographic variables have different effects, but there is no difference for the gender factor. The second research on 476 respondents shows that people have a relative higher tolerance to capability defects, but lower tolerance to corruption; influencing factors of public tolerance are harmfulness, plasticity, universality and discipline of the qualification defects of grass-roots civil servants and its direct connection with public interest. In the end, this paper puts forwards some suggestions as to constructing a social and ethical environment for improving the qualification of grass-roots civil servants from the perspective of tolerance.