基本权利保障视域下政府公共警告三阶审查模式
The third-order judicial review model on government public warning from the perspective of fundamental rights protection

当代风险社会，国家对其公民有“生存照顾”之义务。政府公共警告作为政府履行“生存照顾”职能的重要手段，在维护消费者生命健康权时常常会触碰营业自由，显现基本权侵害品质。德国宪法法院通过的“基本权保障领域→干预→宪法上之正当化”三阶审查模式判断国家资讯行为对基本权侵害及法律责任。在中国，该审查模型可以转换为“受案范围→侵害构成→有责性”三阶段审查。国家资讯行为性质本身不是考量因素。资讯内容的客观真实性及发布程序的合法性是判断政府公共警告是否构成营业自由干预的重要标准。
In risk society, the state has obligations of “life care”. Government’s public warning is an important measure as “life care” functions. The government would infringe business freedom. On judicial determination processes about infringement, Germany’s fundamental rights third-order judicial review model on fundamental rights infringement is worth learning. It is necessary to recognize Germany’s successful experience to establish third-order judicial review model which is consistent with China’s conditions