龙卷风作用及核电站结构极端风荷载相关问题研究综述
Literature review of tornado action and related issues of nuclear power plants under extreme wind load

在结构荷载规范中一般均不考虑龙卷风荷载，但对于某些设防要求极高的重要工程设施，如核电站，则需要考虑可能的龙卷风荷载作用。从龙卷风风场理论模型的研究发展入手，对直接风压荷载的确定、风致飞射物间接作用以及特种工程结构核电站抗龙卷风设计的研究现状进行了归纳总结，指出了龙卷风直接风压计算中考虑轴吸力作用、风场平移运动及风致扭转作用的必要性以及飞射物冲击作用应区别弹体相对刚度及端部形态对作用效果的影响。
Generally, the cost of tornado-resistant design of structures is much higher than expected loss of wind-induced disaster. Therefore, load codes for the design of building structures generally take no consideration of tornado. However, some important engineering facilities with extreme high security requirements, like nuclear power plants, need to consider possible tornado-induced wind loads. This paper starts with the state-of-art of tornado models, then, the determination of direct wind pressure on structures, indirect action of tornado-generated missiles and the tornado-resistant design of special engineering structure like nuclear power plant, are summarized. Then it points out the necessity of calculating the tornado-induced wind loads by considering axial wind suction, translational motion of wind field and torsional response. The effect of the relative stiffness and end form of projectiles should be taken into account in the impact load of tornado-generated missiles.