硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂在微污染原水处理中的应用
Application of diatomite/cellulose composite filter aids on micro-polluted raw water treatment

以硅藻土和纤维素为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出了新型硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂,探究了各种制备条件对助滤剂的影响,并在高岭土悬浊液中对硅藻土、纤维素和硅藻土/纤维素的助滤性能进行了比较,同时研究了硅藻土/纤维素助滤剂对实际微污染水过滤的影响。研究结果表明:复合助滤剂的最佳制备条件为纤硅比0.67,氨水浓度5.0×10-4mol/L,蒸馏水/纤维素40 mL/g,EtOH/硅藻土20 mL/g,60℃恒温水浴;硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂的助滤性能要明显优于硅藻土和纤维素助滤剂;在微污染原水直接过滤过程中,投加硅藻土/纤维素助滤剂可提高各微污染物的去除率,结合微滤膜深度处理工艺,最终出水水质满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)的要求。
The diatomite/cellulose filter aids were prepared using raw diatomite and cellulose via sol-gel technique. The effect of cellulose/diatomite, distilled water/cellulose, EtOH/diatomite, ammonia concentration and temperature on the properties of diatomite/cellulose filter aids were investigated. The filtration efficiency of diatomite, cellulose and diatomite/cellulose filter aids was compared. The influence of diatomite/cellulose filter aids on slightly polluted water filtration was studied. Results indicated that when 40 mL distilled water dissolved 1.0 g cellulose, 20 mLEtOH carried 1.5 g diatomite, the ratio of diatomite to cellulose was 0.67, the concentration of ammonia was 5×10-4mol/L, the temperature was 60℃,the best diatomite/cellulose filter aids were achieved. The efficiency of diatomite/cellulose filter aids was obviously better than that by diatomite and cellulose filter aids. The pollutants removal efficiency could increase by using the diatomite/cellulose filter aids in the direct filtration process to treat the micro-polluted raw water. The results showed that the combination of filtration and micro-filtration membrane could achieve excellent permeate water, which met the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749-2006).