骨重建是一个不断进行骨吸收与骨形成的平衡动态过程，需要成骨细胞和破骨细胞的紧密配合，并经由复杂的旁分泌和自分泌途径，被相关调节蛋白紧密地调控。骨细胞、骨被覆细胞、骨巨噬细胞以及血管内皮细胞在基础多细胞单位（BMU）中均通过配体-受体复合物的细胞信号网络参与到骨重建调节过程中。此外，T 淋巴细胞和 B 淋巴细胞通过处于骨微环境中的分泌型和膜结合型因子，也参与到骨重建过程中，在骨免疫中调节骨的内稳态。在骨重建的过程中，常由于 BMU 中的细胞间连接被破坏，导致多发骨质疏松症和其他骨疾病发生。本文主要从细胞水平上描述骨重建过程中的细胞间联系、分子基础和新型旁分泌或偶联因子，了解骨重建过程和相关基因，有助于对骨质疏松等骨科疾病的药物开发奠定基础
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