目的 评价抗生素吸入联合静脉注射对治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）的应用效果。 方法 计算机检索 Cochrane library、Joanna Briggs Institute Library、PubMed、MEDLINE、CINAHL、CBM、CNKI 及万方医学网中关于抗生素吸入联合静脉注射治疗 VAP 的文献。由 3 名研究者对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取，对符合质量标准的进行 Meta 分析。 结果 共纳入 13 项研究。结果显示试验组 VAP 患者治愈率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ RR=1.16，95% CI 1.07～1.56， P=0.000 5）；两组死亡率（ RR=1.04，95% CI 0.82～1.32， P=0.74）和肾功能损害发生率（ RR=0.79，95% CI 0.51～1.22， P=0.29）差异均无统计学意义。致病菌清除方面差异有统计学意义（ RR=1.38，95% CI 1.09～1.74， P=0.007），试验组患者呼吸道分泌物培养致病菌转阴率更高。 结论 抗生素吸入联合静脉注射可以提高 VAP 患者的治愈率，有效地清除致病菌，建议临床推广使用
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