8. Maramattom BV,Wijdicks EF.Acute neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit.Crit Care Med, 2006, 34:2835-2841.
[4]
9. Gutierrez CJ,Harrow J,Haines F.Using an evidence-based protocol to guide rehabilitation and weaning of ventilator-dependent cervical spinal cord injury patients.J Rehabil Res Dev,2003,40:99-110.
[5]
10. Vassilakopoulos T,Petrof BJ.Ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction.Am J Respir Care Med,2004,169:336-341.
[6]
11. Powers SK,Kavazis AN,Levine Sanford,et al. Prolonged mechanical ventilation alters diaphra gmatic structure and function. Crit Care Med,2009,37(10 Suppl):S374-353.
[7]
12. Zhu E,Sassoon CS,Nelson R,et al.Early effects of mechanical ventilation on isotonic contractile properties and MAF-box gene expression in the diaphragm.J Appl Physiol,2005,99:747-756.
[8]
13. Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC,Pohlman AS, et al. Early physicaland occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients:a randomised controlled trial. Lancet,2009, 373:1874-1882.
15. Jubran A, Lawm G, Kelly J, et al. Depressive disorders during weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation.Intensive Care Med,2010,36:828-835.
[11]
1. ?Funk GC, Anders S, Breyer MK,et al.Incidence and outcome ofweaning from mechanical ventilation according to new categories. Eur Respir J, 2010,35:88-94.
[12]
2. Sellares J, Ferrer M, Cano E, et al. Predictors of prolonged weaning andsurvival during ventilator weaning in a respiratory ICU. Intensive Care Med, 2011,37:775-784.
[13]
4. Macintyre NR. Chronic critical illness:the growing challenge to health care. Respir Care, 2012,57:1021-1027.
[14]
3. Pen?uelas O, Frutos-Vivar F, Fernaíndez C, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of ventilated patients according to time to liberation from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011,184:430-437.
[15]
5. Polverino E, Nava S, Ferrer M, et al. Patients' characterization, hospital course and clinical outcomes in five Italian respiratory intensive care units.Intensive Care Med, 2010,36:137-142.
[16]
16. Jubran A, Grant BJ, Duffner LA,et al. Effect of pressure support vs unassisted breathing through a tracheostomy collar on weaning duration in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation:a randomized trial. JAMA,2013, 309:671-677.
[17]
17. Macintyre NR.Evidence-based ventilator weaning and discontinuation.Respir Care,2004,49:830-836.
[18]
18. Perren A, Brochard L.Managing the apparent and hidden difficulties of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med,2013,39:1885-1895.
[19]
19. Barchfeld T, Dellweg D, B?ckling S,et al. Weaning from long-term mechanical ventilation:data of a single weaning center from 2007 to 2011.Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 2014, 139:527-533.