目的 探讨慢性间歇性低氧在普通饮食及高脂饮食引起肾脏损伤中的作用机制。 方法 将 SPF 级健康雄性 Wistar 大鼠 24 只，随机分为 4 组（每组 6 只），分别为 A 组（常氧并普通饮食）、B 组（常氧并高脂饮食）、C 组（慢性间歇性低氧并普通饮食）和 D 组（慢性间歇性低氧并高脂饮食）。6 周后检测血清中肾脏早期损伤指标半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 C（Cys-C），行肾脏 CHOP 蛋白免疫组化，并在电镜下观察肾小球及肾小管超微结构变化。 结果 B 组、C 组、D 组中肾早损指标 Cys-C 水平较 A 组显著升高，且在 D 组中值最高（均 P<0.05）；B 组、C 组、D 组中内质网应激标志性蛋白 CHOP 平均光密度值与 A 组比较显著升高，且在 D 组中值最高（均 P<0.05）。电镜下观察，A 组肾小球及肾小管未见明显异常；B 组、C 组近曲肾小管上皮细胞局灶性核固缩，刷状缘稀疏并脱落；D 组中有大片肾小管上皮细胞核固缩，刷状缘稀疏并脱落。 结论 慢性间歇性低氧、高脂饮食可通过激活内质网应激介导近曲肾小管上皮的凋亡，使肾脏的超微结构发生改变，进而导致肾脏功能损伤
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