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-  2017 

不同严重程度慢性肾脏病患者合并睡眠呼吸障碍患病率和危险因素分析

DOI: doi:10.7507/1671-6205.201612014

Keywords: 慢性肾脏病, 睡眠呼吸障碍, 日间嗜睡

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Abstract:

目的 探讨不同严重程度慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者睡眠呼吸障碍(SDB)的发生状况及相关危险因素。 方法 选取 2014 年 9 月至 2015 年 9 月就诊的 144 例非透析的 CKD 住院患者,按肾功能严重程度分为 CKD 1~2 期、CKD 3~4 期和 CKD 5 期。比较各组患者 SDB、夜间低氧血症及日间嗜睡(EDS)患病率的差异,采用 Logistic 回归分析影响 CKD 患者合并 SDB 的危险因素。 结果 CKD 1~2 期、CKD 3~4 期及 CKD 5 期合并中度 SDB 的患病率分别为 30.0%、53.5% 及 60.5%(P=0.03);夜间低氧血症的患病率分别为 23.3%、56.3% 及 65.1%(P=0.001);EDS 的患病率分别为 33.3%、57.7% 及 62.8%(P=0.032)。Logistic 回归分析结果显示年龄、男性、体重指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病及心功能不全均为 CKD 患者合并中至重度 SDB 的独立危险因素,其中心功能不全的危险程度最高(OR=7.034,95%CI 1.255~39.420);与 CKD 1~2 期和 CKD 3~4 期比较,CKD 5 期的危险程度更高(OR=3.569,95%CI 1.324~9.620)。相关性分析结果显示,肾小球滤过率(eGFR)与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈负相关(r=–0.327,P=0.000)。 结论 CKD 患者普遍存在 SDB(以阻塞性为主),且随着肾功能下降,SDB 的患病风险增加。CKD 患者并发相关合并症,尤其心功能不全,是影响患者合并 SDB 的重要危险因素

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