15. Chen KJ, Li Q, Wen CM, et al. Bleomycin (BLM) induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cultured A549 cells via the TFG-β/Smad signaling pathway. J Cancer, 2016, 7(11): 1557-1564.
[2]
16. Baek AR, Lee JM, Seo HJ, et al. Apolipoprotein A1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells. Tuber Respir Dis (Seoul), 2016, 79(3): 143-152.
18. Zhao Y, Cui A, Wang F, et al. Characteristics of pulmonary inflammation in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125(17): 3015-3021.
[5]
19. Tasaka S, Mizoguchi K, Funatsu Y, et al. Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Respirology, 2012, 17(5): 814-820.
[6]
20. Khan R, Tulpule S, Iroka N, et al. A new variant of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema from second-hand smoke: a case report and review of literature. J Clin Med Res, 2015, 7(10): 812-816.
[7]
21. Hanaoka M, Ito M, Droma Y, et al. Comparison of gene expression profiling between lung fibrotic and emphysematous tissues sampled from patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair, 2012, 5(1): 17.
[8]
30. Roshan R, Guptal M, Kulshrestha R, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a welder. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 2012, 77(1): 26-28.
[9]
31. Karkhanis VS, Joshi JM. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a tyre industry worker. Lung India, 2012, 29(3): 273-276.
4. Cottin V, Nunes H, Brillet PY, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity. Eur Respir J, 2005, 26(4): 586-593.
[12]
5. Nagata N, Watanabe K, Yoshimi M, et al. Combined unclassifiable interstitial pneumonia and emphysema: a report of two cases. Intern Med, 2013, 52(20): 2337-2341.
[13]
8. Margaritopoulos GA, Harari S, Caminati A, et al. Smoking-related idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: a review. Respirology, 2016, 21(1): 57-64.
[14]
1. Sindhwani G, Shirazi N, Sodhi R, et al. Transbronchial lung biopsy in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease without ‘idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pattern’ on HRCT scan-experience from a tertiary care center of North India. Lung India, 2015, 32(5): 453-456.
[15]
2. Lin HJ, Jiang SP. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE): an entity different from emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis alone. J Thorac Dis, 2015, 7(4): 767-779.
[16]
3. Wiggins J, Strickland B, Turner-Warwick M. Combined cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and emphysema: the value of high resolution computed tomography in assessment. Respir Med, 1990, 84(5): 365-369.
[17]
6. Morse D, Rosas IO. Tobacco smoke-induced lung fibrosis and emphysema. Annu Rev Physiol, 2014, 76: 493-513.
[18]
7. Ji M, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Up-regulation of ICAM-1 mRNA and IL-1β mRNA in lung tissues of a rat model of COPD. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015, 8(11): 21956-21963.
[19]
9. Lucattelli M, Bartalesi B, Cavarra E, et al. Is neutrophil elastase the missing link between emphysema and fibrosis? Evidence from two mouse models. Respir Res, 2005, 6: 83.
[20]
11. Koguchi N, Okada A, Choh S, et al. Concomitant systemic sclerosis and sarcoidosis with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Intern Med, 2016, 55(10): 1331-1335.
13. Greenburg G, Hay ED. Epithelial suspended in collagen gels can lose polarity and express characteristics of migrating mesenchymal cells. J Cell Biol, 1982, 95(1): 333-339.
[23]
14. Mahmood MQ, Sohal SS, Shukla SD, et al. Epithelial mesenchymal transition in smokers: large versus small airways and relation to airflow obstruction. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2015, 10(1): 1515-1524.
[24]
22. Cottin V, Reix P, Khouatra C, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome associated with familial SFTPC mutation. Throax, 2011, 66(10): 918-919.
[25]
23. Epaud R, Delestrain C, Louha M, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome associated with ABCA3 mutations. Eur Respir J, 2014, 43(2): 638-641.
[26]
24. Liu T, Yu H, Ding L, et al. Conditional knockout of telomerase reverse transcriptase in mesenchymal cells impairs mouse pulmonary. PLoS One, 2015, 10(11): e0142547.
[27]
25. Dai J, Cai H, Zhuang Y, et al. Telomerase gene mutations and telomere length shortening in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a Chinese population. Respirology, 2015, 20(1): 122-128.
[28]
26. Nunes H, Monnet I, Kannengiesser C, et al. Is telomeropathy the explanation for combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome?: Report of a family with TERT mutation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014, 189(6): 753-754.
[29]
27. Cottin V, Nunes H, Mouthon L, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome in connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum, 2011, 63(1): 295-304.
[30]
10. Dias OM, Baldi BG, Costa AN, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: an increasingly recognized condition. J Bras Pneumol, 2014, 40(3): 304-312.
[31]
28. Tzouvelekis A, Zacharis G, Oikonomou A, et al. Increased incidence of autoimmune markers in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. BMC Pulm Med, 2013, 13: 31.
[32]
29. Daniil Z, Koutoskera A, Gourgoulianis K. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in patients exposed to agrochemical compounds. Eur Respir J, 2006, 27(2): 434.
