24. Shirado O, Ito T, Kaneda K, et al. Flexion-relaxation phenomenon in the back muscles: A comparativestudy between healthy subjects and patients with chronic low back pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 1995, 74(2): 139-144.
[2]
25. Flor H, Furst M, Birbaumer N. Deficient discrimination of EMG levels and overestimation of perceived tension in chronic pain patients. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback, 1999, 24(1): 55-66.
[3]
30. Renkawitz T, Boluki D, Grifka J. The association oflow back pain neuromuscular imbalance, and trunk extensionstrength inathletes. Spine J, 2006, 6(6): 673-683.
[4]
31. Lu WW, Luke KD, Cheung KM, et al. Back muscle contraction patterns of patients with low back pain before and after rehabilitation treatment: an electromyograhic evaluation. J Spinal Disord, 2001, 14(4): 277-288.
34. Giggins OM, Persson UM, Caulfield B. Biofeedback in rehabilitation. J Neuro Eng Rehabil, 2013, 10: 60.
[8]
35. Flor H, Birbaumer N. Comparison of the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and conservative medical interventions in the treatment of chronicmusculoskeletal pain. J Consult Clin Psychol, 1993, 61(4): 653-658.
17. Radebold A, Cholewicki J, Panjabi MM, et al. Muscleresponse pattern to sudden trunk loading in healthy individualsand in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2000, 25(8): 947-954.
[13]
20. Floyd WF, Silver PH. The function of the erectores spinae muscles in certain movements and postures in man. J Physiol, 1955, 129(1): 184-203.
[14]
21. Morin F, Portnoy H. Electromyographic study of postural muscles in various positions and movements. Am J Physiol, 1956, 186(1): 122-126.
[15]
22. Ambroz C, Scott A, Ambroz A, et al. Chronic low back pain assessment using surfaceelectromyography. J Occup Environ Med, 2000, 42(6): 660-669.
[16]
27. Sihvonen T, Huttunen M, Makkonen M, et al. Functional changes in back muscle activitycorrelate with pain intensity and prediction of low back pain during pregnancy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1998, 79(10): 1210-1212.
[17]
36. Neblett R. Surface Electromyographic (SEMG) Biofeedback for Chronic Low Back Pain. Heathcare, 2016, 4(2). pii: E27.
8. Laasonen EM. Atrophy of sacrospinal muscle groups in patients with chronic, diffusely radiating lumbar back pain. Neuroradiology, 1984, 26(1): 9-13.
[24]
9. Zhao WP, Kawaguchi Y, Matsui H, et al. Histochemistry and morphology of the multifidus muscle in lumbar disc herniation: comparative study between diseased and normal sides. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2000, 25(17): 2191-2199.
[25]
10. Solomonow M, Zhou B, Harris M, et al. Theligamento-muscular stabilizing system of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1988, 23(23): 2552-2662.
[26]
11. Kupa EJ, Roy SH, Kandarian SC, et al. Effects of muscle fiber type and size on EMG median frequency and conduction velocity. J Appl Physiol (1985), 1995, 79(1): 23-32.
[27]
12. Takahashi I, Kikuchi S, Sato K, et al. Effects of the mechanical load on forward bending motion of the trunk: comparison between pain and healthy subjects. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(2): E73-78.
[28]
13. Oddsson LI, De Luca CJ. Activation imbalances in lumbarspine muscles in the presence of chronic low back pain. J Appl Pbysiol (1985), 2003, 94(4): 1410-1420.
[29]
14. Silfies SP, Squilante D, Maurer P, et al. Trunk muscle recruitment patterns in specificchronic low back pain populations. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2005, 20(5): 465-473.
[30]
15. Wilder DG, Aleksiev AR, Magnusson ML, et al. Muscular response to sudden load. A tool to evaluate fatigue and rehabilitation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996, 21(22): 2628-2639.
[31]
18. Floyd WF, Silver PH. Function of erectores spinal in flexion of the trunk. Lancet, 1951, 1(6647): 133-134.
[32]
19. Golding JS. Electromyography of the erector spinae in low back pain. Postgrad Med J, 1952, 28(321): 401-406.
[33]
23. Paquet N, Malouin F, Richards CL. Hip-spine movement interaction and muscle activation patternsduring sagittal trunk movements in low back pain patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1994, 19(5): 596-603.
[34]
26. Watson PJ, Booker CK, Main CJ, et al. Surface electromyography in the identification of chronic low back pain patients: the development of flexion relaxation ratio. Clin Biomech, 1997, 12(3): 165-171.
[35]
28. Geisser ME, Haig AJ, Wallbom AS, et al. Pain-related fear, lumbar flexion, and dynamicEMG among persons with chronic musculoskeletal low back pain. Clin J Pain, 2004, 20(2): 61-69.
[36]
29. Mayer TG, Neblett R, Brede E, et al. The quantified lumbar flexion-relaxation phenomenon is a useful measurement of improvement in a functional restoration program. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(22): 2458-2465.
[37]
37. Neblett R, Mayer TG, Brede E, et al. Correcting abnormal flexion-relaxation in chronic low back pain: Responsiveness to a new biofeedback training protocol. Clin J Pain, 2010, 26(5): 403-409.
