目的探讨鹿茸软骨制备脱细胞基质材料的可行性以及生物相容性，为软骨修复重建探索新材料。 方法取梅花鹿鹿茸生长中心间充质层，进行由 DNA 酶、RNA 酶、抑肽酶等介导的脱细胞处理；行组织学和 DNA 含量检测，评价脱细胞效果。取第 2 代鹿生茸区骨膜（antlerogenic periosteum，AP）细胞，行荧光干细胞标记明确其干细胞特性后，用 PKH26 荧光标记并与制备的间充质层脱细胞基质进行复合培养；7 d 后取材行HE染色观察以及荧光显微镜下观察 PKH26 标记的 AP 细胞在基质表面生长情况。以上观测均以未复合 AP 细胞的脱细胞基质作为对照。将复合培养 7 d 的样本移植至裸鼠一侧腹股沟（实验组），取空白培养样本移植于另一侧（对照组）。于移植后 7、21 d 取材行 HE 染色，同时对组织进行冰冻切片并在荧光显微镜下观察 PKH26 标记成功的 AP 细胞在脱细胞基质表面及内部的生长情况，评价含 AP 细胞的脱细胞基质在裸鼠体内的组织相容性。 结果HE 和 DAPI 染色显示脱细胞处理后材料中无细胞残留，DNA 含量为（19.367±5.254）ng/mg，较脱细胞处理前的（3 805.500±519.119）ng/mg 显著降低（t=12.630，P=0.000），提示成功制备间充质层脱细胞基质。AP 细胞与间充质层脱细胞基质复合培养 7 d 后，AP 细胞主要黏附于材料表面，部分进入脱细胞基质内部。植入裸鼠体内后，随观察时间延长，接种 AP 细胞可以在脱细胞基质材料中增殖并逐渐进入材料内部，并诱导血管生成。 结论实验成功制备鹿茸软骨脱细胞基质，该基质材料在离体和活体情况下适于种子细胞（AP 细胞）的黏附和增殖，并具有刺激血管生成的功能，为其用于软骨组织修复提供理论依据
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