目的 通过影像学表现评价硫酸葡聚糖/重组人 BMP-2/壳聚糖（dextran sulfate/recombinant human BMP-2/chitosan，DS/rhBMP-2/CS）缓释微球联合珊瑚羟基磷灰石（coral hydroxyapatite，CHA），修复大段骨缺损的成骨效果。 方法 取 57 只 24 周龄雄性新西兰大白兔，制备右桡骨 20 mm 长骨缺损模型。将其中 54 只兔随机分为 3 组（n=18），A、B、C 组分别将 CHA、DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA 和 rhBMP-2/CHA 人工骨植入骨缺损区域中；余 3 只兔不植入材料作为空白对照组。术后观察动物大体情况；术后 4、8、12 周取材行 X 线片观察，Micro-CT 扫描及三维重建获取新生骨体积。 结果 实验动物术后恢复良好，大体情况正常。X 线片观察示，B 组术后各时间点骨愈合情况均优于 A、C 组；术后各时间点 B 组 X 线片评分显著高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）；术后 8、12 周 C 组评分高于 A 组（P<0.05）。Micro-CT 扫描及三维重建观察示，术后各时间点 A 组骨缺损区新生骨组织少，成骨形态差；B 组新生骨组织多，骨缺损区骨塑形良好，12 周时逐渐接近正常骨形态；C 组骨缺损区新生骨组织较多，成骨形态一般。术后各时间点 B 组新生骨体积均显著高于 A、C 组（P<0.05），术后 8 周 C 组评分高于 A 组（P<0.05）。 结论 DS/rhBMP-2/CS/CHA 缓释人工骨的成骨效果明显优于单纯 CHA 和 rhBMP-2/CHA，为未来应用骨组织工程方法临床治疗骨缺损提供了新思路
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