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-  2015 

氨甲环酸减少人工全膝关节置换术后失血量的自身对照研究

DOI: doi:10.7507/1002-1892.20150060

Keywords: 人工全膝关节置换术, 氨甲环酸, 失血量, 自身对照研究

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Abstract:

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中静脉应用氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid,TXA)减少围手术期失血量的安全性和临床疗效。 方法采用前瞻性自身对照方法,选取2012年1月-2013年12月拟分期行双侧TKA患者60例,随机选择一侧手术时使用TXA(TXA组),另一侧手术时不用TXA(对照组)。TXA剂量为10 mg/kg,于松开止血带前10 min内静脉滴注完毕。两组术前血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hgb)、血小板计数、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较TXA组与对照组引流量、总失血量、隐性失血量、术后不同时间点Hgb、输血量、输血比例及静脉血栓栓塞(venous thrombus embolism,VTE)发生情况。 结果TXA组引流量、总失血量均低于对照组,术后6 h及1、3、7 d Hgb高于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组隐性失血量比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.157,P=0.252)。TXA组4例(6.7%)、对照组13例(21.7%)患者术后行输血治疗,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034);其中4例为两次手术均需输血。TXA组的总输血量为14 U,较对照组的38 U显著降低(P=0.004)。TXA组及对照组各3例(5.0%)发生术侧下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT),均无症状性肺动脉栓塞发生,VTE发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=1.000);其中2例两次手术均发生DVT。患者均获随访,随访时间8~17个月,平均13.7个月;随访期间均无新发VTE。 结论TKA术中松止血带前10 min内静脉滴注TXA(10 mg/kg)能有效减少围手术期失血量,降低输血量及输血患者比例,且不增加VTE发生风险

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