目的 解剖研究国人膝关节前外侧韧带（anterolateral ligament，ALL），探讨 ALL 结构特征，为临床上 ALL 损伤的诊治，特别是 ALL 重建手术的开展提供参考。 方法 选用成年尸体膝关节标本 16 具，男、女各 8 具，左、右膝各 8 具；供体年龄 57～84 岁，平均 73.5 岁。根据标准入路进行解剖，并对 ALL 进行定性和定量的描述。 结果 16 具标本中 12 具可见 ALL，出现率为 75.0%。它起自股骨外上髁，起点位于外侧副韧带（lateral collateral ligament，LCL）的起点近端后方，其走行越过 LCL 表面或与之并行，韧带中段与外侧半月板体部边缘紧密相连，止点位于 Gerdy 结节和腓骨头之间，止点中心与 Gerdy 结节中心以及腓骨头最外侧缘的距离分别为（23.9±3.3）、（23.8±4.0）mm。膝关节中立位屈曲 0° 和 60° 时 ALL 长度分别为（44.8±5.1）、（47.8±5.5） mm，比较差异无统计学意义（t=14.071，P=0.000），在膝关节屈曲 60° 合并内旋时 ALL 较紧张。根据男女进行分组比较，屈曲 0° 和 60° 时男性 ALL 长度均显著大于女性（t=2.920，P=0.015；t=2.806，P=0.019）；其余测量指标比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 ALL 是一条位于膝关节前外侧的独立非等长韧带结构，其长度存在性别差异。ALL 在维持膝关节旋转稳定性方面发挥一定作用，临床上应引起足够重视
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