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-  2015 

颌间牵引联合颌垫治疗儿童髁突骨折的疗效评估

DOI: doi:10.7507/1002-1892.20150086

Keywords: 髁突骨折, 颌间牵引, 牵引钉, 颌垫, 儿童

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Abstract:

目的探讨牵引钉颌间牵引联合颌垫治疗儿童髁突骨折的疗效。 方法2005年6月-2013年12月,收治35例(49侧)髁突骨折患儿。男25例,女10例;年龄3~13岁,平均7.3岁。致伤原因:跌伤18例,交通事故伤14例,暴力伤3例。受伤至就诊时间2~30 d,平均6.8 d。除3例不配合患儿外,其余患儿均出现不同程度张口受限,最大开口度为(22.74±7.22)mm。按部位分左侧髁突骨折12例,右侧9例;双侧14例;按骨折线分为囊内骨折35侧,髁突颈部骨折10侧,髁突颈下骨折4侧。采取口内上、下颌前牙区颌骨内植入4枚牵引钉并悬挂橡皮圈以达到颌间弹性牵引,配合使用患侧磨牙区加厚的颌垫;治疗后1个月拆除牵引钉及颌垫,并定期复诊。 结果治疗期间除1例出现牵引钉松脱外,余均无牵引钉相关并发症发生。35例患儿均获随访,随访时间6个月~8年10个月,中位时间71个月。末次随访时,患儿最大开口度为(38.82±2.02)mm。4例出现轻度关节弹响,6例出现开口时下颌偏斜。影像学检查示,24例(32侧)髁突骨折完全改建,余11例(17侧)至末次随访时髁突骨折中度改建。 结论利用颌间牵引钉的前牙区弹性牵引,配合磨牙区颌垫是治疗儿童髁突骨折的理想方法之一

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