茶树信息物质强化黑刺粉虱趋色效应的田间检测
Semiochemicals from tea shoots increase the phototaxis of the citrus spiny whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus in tea plantation

为制备高效诱捕茶树害虫黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)成虫携带茶树信息物质的诱虫色板,连续5年在浙南、浙中、苏南和皖南茶园检测了12种粘性色板对该粉虱成虫的诱效,筛选出携带茶树信息物质的最佳引诱色板,并探讨其对该虫趋色效应的增强作用。结果表明,黑刺粉虱成虫强烈趋向黄绿色和高亮度色板,即素馨黄、土黄、芽绿和桔黄色板,较少着落于果绿、桃红、纯白和大红板上,紫色、湖蓝、天蓝和墨绿色板上甚少。在素馨黄粘板上分别携带10种茶树信息物质引诱剂,即香叶醇、芳樟醇、反-2己烯醛、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、2-戊烯-1-醇和β-紫罗酮7种单组分制剂,反-2己烯醛和顺-3-己烯-1-醇(1:5)二组分制剂,以及反-2己烯醛、1-戊烯-3-醇、2-戊烯-1-醇、反-2-戊烯醛、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯(1:1:1:1:5:25)六组分制剂和对照正己烷,其中六组分和二组分引诱剂增效最高,对黑刺粉虱成虫的诱效显著高于其余制剂,比对照多诱捕54.7%和31.8%,除反-2-己烯醛和β-紫罗酮外的其余单组分制剂也有一定增效。表明茶树信息物质以适当比例混合后可显著强化黑刺粉虱的趋色性。
In order to develop an efficient semiochemical-baited, colored sticky board trapping system for capturing adults of the citrus spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance), 12 types of colored sticky boards were continuously tested over the past five years in various tea plantations in southern and central Zhejiang Province, southern Jiangsu Province and southern Anhui Province. The results showed that the whitefly adults were strongly attracted to the yellow and green colors and the colored boards with the high brightness, such as jasmine yellow, earth yellow, bud green and orange; weakly to apple green, peach red, pure white and bright red boards, and hardly to purple, lake blue, sky blue and dark green boards. Ten chemical attractant candidates were tested in fields using the jasmine yellow sticky boards: geraniol, linalool, E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-penten-3-ol, 2-penten-1-ol and β-ionone each at the dosage of 10-2 g/mL, a binary blend of E-2-hexenal and Z-3-hexen-1-ol at 1∶5 ratio (10-2 g/mL), a six component blend (10-2g/mL)of E-2-hexenal, 1-penten-3-ol, 2-penten-1-ol, E-2-pentenal, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and Z-3-hexenyl acetate at the ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1∶5 ∶25, as well as hexane solvent control (CK). The trapping data showed significant chemical treatment effects on the whitefly captures, with the six-component blend and binary blend being significantly more attractive than the others, about 54.7% and 31.8% higher than CK, whereas the jasmine yellow sticky boards baited with E-2-hexenal or β-ionone caught less whitefly adults than the CK. It was suggested that the major volatile semiochemical compounds from tea plants at proper ratios might synergize the visual attraction or phototaxis of the whitefly adults in tea plantations.