苹果蠹蛾半人工饲料与饲养温度的优化
Optimization of semi-artificial diet and temperature for rearing the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.)

为实现苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella (L.)的人工大规模饲养,对国外学者已经报道的半人工饲料配方进行改良,比较了取食5种饲料对苹果蠹蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响,并组建苹果蠹蛾在20、24、28、32 ℃条件下取食最优配方时的实验种群生命表。结果表明,来自我国西北疫区的苹果蠹蛾,在以豆粕、蔗糖、面粉、小麦胚芽为主要成分并添加酵母粉配制成的配方B饲喂后,与传统饲料配方相比显著影响苹果蠹蛾的发育历期和种群参数,提高存活率至50.24%、缩短幼虫发育历期至20.18 d、增加蛹重至26.54 mg,并提高单雌产卵量至85.30粒。生命表结果显示,24 ℃时种群趋势指数最高为16.42、单雌产卵量最大为62.44粒,28 ℃内禀增长率最高为0.08、雌性比例最大为0.55。表明我国西北疫区的苹果蠹蛾在24~28 ℃条件下,取食优化的半人工饲料利于其种群数量增加。
The semi-artificial diet for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), based on a formula from a previous study for mass rearing of the codling moth under artificial conditions, was improved. Totally five semi-artificial diets were used to comparing the development and reproduction of the codling moth from northwest China, and the laboratory population life table of the codling moth fed on the optimal formula was constructed at 20, 24, 28 and 32 ℃. The results demonstrated that the improved diet B based on soybean, sucrose, wheat starch and germ in addition to yeast extract could significantly influence developmental duration and population parameters of the codling moth from the northwest of China, in contrast to the original formulation. The survival rate increased by 50.24%, and pupal weight increased by 26.54 mg and oviposition per female increased by 85.30 eggs. The duration of the laval stage decreased by 20.18 d. Population trend index and fertility rate reached the highest at 24 ℃ with values of 16.42 and 62.44, respectively. The highest female proportion was 0.55 and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.08 at 28 ℃. These results suggested that the optimized semi-artificial diet is beneficial to the population increase of codling moth from northwestern China under the temperature ranging from 24 ℃ to 28 ℃.