生态炭肥防控小麦根腐病效果及对土壤健康修复机理分析
Effects of eco-char on controlling wheat root-rot and the mechanism of renovating soil health

为探索生态炭肥(以生物质炭为主要成分)防治小麦根腐病的效果及对土壤健康的修复机理,通过设置2个生态炭肥处理分析其对小麦根腐病的发病率和病情指数、小麦产量、土壤有机质含量、土壤细菌数量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,生态炭肥防控小麦根腐病效果明显,1 200 kg/hm2和750 kg/hm2两个处理的防效均达到77.00%以上,最高可达86.25%;且对小麦增产增收效果显著,2个处理的小麦产量减损率分别为86.62%和76.11%,净增产值分别为7 315.52元/hm2和7 038.04元/hm2;施用生态炭肥均能有效提高小麦返青期和灌浆期的土壤有机质含量、细菌数量及土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶及纤维素酶活性;且施用生态炭肥对小麦根腐病的防效及对土壤健康修复作用存在正剂量效应。表明麦田增施生态炭肥是一个能快速修复土壤健康、有效防控小麦根腐病的新途径。
In order to explore potential effects of eco-char (biochar-based) on wheat root-rot prevention and soil health restoring, two treatments (1 200 kg/hm2 and 750 kg/hm2) were characterized for wheat root-rot incidence and severity, crop yield, soil organic matter, soil bacteria and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that the eco-char had obvious control effects on wheat root-rot, while the control efficacy of 1 200 kg/hm2 and 750 kg/hm2 treatments were over 77.00%, up to 86.25%. The yield increase rates of two treatments were 86.62% and 76.11%, respectively, and the net output value increased were 7 315.52 yuan/hm2 and 7 038.04 yuan/hm2, respectively. At the same time, eco-char effectively increased the amount of soil bacteria, content of soil organic matter, and activity of soil sucrase, amylase and cellulase. Furthermore, eco-char showed a positive dose-response effect on wheat root-rot controlling and soil health-restoring. Overall, application of eco-char in wheat production would be a novel measure for rapidly renovating soil health and effectively control wheat root-rot disease.