光周期和温度对苹果蠹蛾滞育诱导的影响
Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

为探讨光周期和温度对苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella滞育诱导的影响,通过人工诱导的方法对其滞育的光周期、温度诱导条件及滞育的敏感光照虫期进行了研究。结果表明:20 ℃时,光照时间短于12 h,苹果蠹蛾的滞育率可达到100%;25 ℃时,光周期为L 8:D 16时滞育率最高,为98.3%;30 ℃时,光照时间少于10 h,苹果蠹蛾的滞育率可达85%以上。在20、25和30 ℃条件下,幼虫滞育的临界日长分别为14.21、13.68和13.73 h。苹果蠹蛾对光照反应有2个最敏感时期,即幼虫初孵化阶段和预蛹期阶段,卵期对光照反应不敏感。表明苹果蠹蛾是一种典型的短日照滞育型种类,光周期、温度及其交互作用均对其滞育诱导具有重要影响,其中光周期占主导作用,温度随着光周期起作用,低温对滞育诱导有很好的促进作用。
In order to explore the effects of photoperiod and temperature on the diapause induction in codling moth, the interactive effects of temperature (20, 25 and 30 ℃) and photoperiod (L 16:D 8, L 14:D 10, L 12:D 12, L 10:D 14 and L 8:D 16) on diapause induction in this moth were investigated by artificial induction method. The results showed that when day length was less than 12 h, the rate of diapause reached to 100% at 20 ℃. At 25 ℃, the highest rate of diapause was 98.3% under the photoperiod of L 8:D 16. When day length was less than 10 h, the rate of diapause was more than 85%. The critical day length was 14.21, 13.68 and 13.73 h at 20, 25 and 30 ℃, respectively. The codling moth had two sensitive stages to photoperiod at 25 ℃, one was the 1st instar larvae, and the other was the prepupal period. The egg was insensitive to photoperiod. The results indicated that the codling moth was a typical short-day diapause type. The photoperiod played the key role in diapause induction, followed by temperature and their interaction, and low temperature could promote the diapause induction.