温度对东亚小花蝽捕食美洲棘蓟马的影响
Effects of temperature on predation of the thrips Echinothrips americanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) by the predatory bug Orius sauteri (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

为明确不同温度下东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri雌成虫对美洲棘蓟马Echinothrips americanus雌成虫捕食能力的影响, 利用Holling Ⅱ、Holling Ⅲ及Flinn's三种模型研究了辣椒上天敌捕食量、猎物密度和环境温度三者间的关系, 并推测了该功能反应和搜索效应的相关参数。结果表明：在16、19、22、25、28、31和34 ℃各温度条件下, 东亚小花蝽雌成虫捕食量随猎物密度增加而增大, 且差异显著, 寻找效应随之降低。Holling Ⅱ与Holling Ⅲ模型均适合拟合不同温度下东亚小花蝽雌成虫的捕食功能反应, 且Holling Ⅱ模型较HollingⅢ模型拟合度更好。在Holling Ⅱ模型拟合条件下, 东亚小花蝽22 ℃时瞬时攻击率最高, 为1.132, 34 ℃时处理单头猎物时间最短, 为0.007 d。在Holling Ⅲ模型拟合条件下, 19 ℃时最佳寻找密度最低, 为10.31头, 34 ℃时单日最大捕食量最大, 为52.67头。由双因素变量Flinn's模型拟合得到的东亚小花蝽雌成虫平均瞬时攻击率为4.314, 并且在34 ℃、初始猎物密度45头下, 东亚小花蝽雌成虫能发挥最大捕食潜能。表明东亚小花蝽为美洲棘蓟马的有效天敌。
In order to analyze the predatory ability of female adults of Orius sauteri on female adults of the thrips Echinothrips americanus at different temperatures, Holling Ⅱ, Holling Ⅲ and Flinn's models were used to simulate the relationships of the predatory ability, prey density, and environmental temperature on the pepper Capsicum anuum to estimate the parameters of functional response and searching efficiency. The results showed that the number of preys by O.sauteri increased with increasing thrips density, while the searching efficiency decreased, at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34 ℃. Both Holling Ⅱ and Holling Ⅲ models simulated the functional responses at different temperatures although Holling Ⅱ provided better fit. Under the Holling Ⅱ model, the instantaneous attacking rate of O.sauteri was the highest at 22 ℃ (1.132), and the handling time on one prey was the shortest at 34 ℃ (0.007 d). Under the Holling Ⅲ model, the optimal searching density for O.sauteri was the lowest at 19 ℃ (10.31 individuals) and the maximum consumption of E.americanus by O.sauteri was the highest at 34 ℃ (52.67 individuals/day). Under Flinn's model with two variables (temperature and prey density), the mean instantaneous attacking rate of O.sauteri was 4.314 at any temperature. The highest potential for consumption of E.americanus by O.sauteri was estimated by Flinn's model at a prey density of 45 thrips at 34 ℃. The results indicated that O.sauteri was an efficient natural enemy for controlling E.americanus.