胡萝卜田苗后杂草化学防除药剂筛选
Screening of herbicides for post-emergence weed control in carrot fields

为探究安全、高效的胡萝卜田苗后杂草化学防除技术，采用盆钵法研究了13种苗后茎叶处理除草剂对胡萝卜的室内安全性，并对筛选得到的苗后除草剂进行了初步的田间药效及安全性试验。结果表明：供试13种除草剂中扑草净对胡萝卜的安全性较好，在225 g（a.i.）/hm2剂量下，胡萝卜苗的鲜重为53.61 g，与对照显著差异，未出现药害反应；在450、750 g（a.i.）/hm2剂量下分别出现了1级和2级的低级别药害反应；而噁草酮、氰草津、嘧啶肟草醚、双草醚、辛酰溴苯腈、乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚、咪唑乙烟酸、灭草松、噻吩磺隆、双氟磺草胺和氯吡嘧磺隆在推荐剂量下，对胡萝卜鲜重抑制率为19.30%~100.00%，出现了3~5级的药害反应。扑草净对胡萝卜田杂草有较好的防效，在剂量为450~600 g（a.i.）/hm2时对胡萝卜田杂草总体的株防效和鲜重防效均达到80.56%以上，且对胡萝卜安全，药害反应。胡萝卜田苗后杂草化学防除建议使用450~600 g（a.i.）/hm2扑草净进行茎叶喷雾处理，可达到对禾本科和阔叶杂草的有效防除，且对胡萝卜安全。
In order to screen the safe and efficient post-emergence herbicides for carrot fields, the safeties of 13 herbicides on carrot were determined by pot tests, and then the field tests of the selected herbicides were conducted. The results showed that prometryne was safe for the carrot seedlings, and there was no significant difference in the fresh weight of carrot seedlings between the dose of 225 g (a.i.)/hm2 and the control. However, there were minor injuries on carrot seedlings at 450 g (a.i.)/hm2 and 750 g (a.i.)/hm2 with the herbicide classification as Glade one and two, respectively. After treatment with oxadiazon, cyanazine, pyribenzoxim, bispyribac-sodium, bromoxynil, oxyfluorfen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, imazethapyr, bentazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, florasulam and halosulfuron-methyl, carrot seedlings exhibited different injury symptom levels, with the fresh weight inhibition rate as 19.30%-100.00%. The field test results of prometryne showed that it had good effect on weed control with the plant and fresh weight inhibition rate all > 80.56% at the dose of 450-600 g (a.i.)/hm2. Prometryne was a suitable post-emergence herbicide for weed control in carrot fields, and the recommended dose was 450-600 g (a.i.)/hm2.