甘谷县春季空气中小麦条锈菌孢子动态的监测及其与气象因素的相关性分析
Dynamic of airborne spores of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and its correlation with meteorological factors in spring in Gangu County

为了解甘谷县春季空气中小麦条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici夏孢子的动态变化、孢子密度与病情的关系以及气象因素对孢子密度和病情的影响，利用孢子捕捉器和定量PCR法对2013—2015年春季甘谷县南山和北山地区空气中小麦条锈菌夏孢子密度的动态变化进行监测，同时调查病情和记录相同时间段的气象因素，并利用Pearson和Spearman等级相关进行相关分析。结果显示，甘谷县南山和北山地区春季夏孢子动态变化趋势相似，均在5—6月出现孢子密度的峰值。南山和北山地区空气中的孢子密度与各地区田间病情指数显著相关，且相关系数分别达到0.851和0.931。除2013年外，空气中孢子密度与温度、光照呈正相关，而与相对湿度、降水量呈负相关；南山地区田间病情指数与光照、温度和降水天数显著相关，北山地区田间病情指数则仅与平均相对湿度显著相关。根据空气中小麦条锈菌夏孢子的监测并结合当地的气象因素有助于制定合理的病害防治策略，实现对小麦条锈病的定点和定期防治。
To monitor the dynamic of airborne spore of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, analyze the relationship between spore density and disease, and the effect of meteorological factors on airborne spore density and disease severity in spring in Gangu County, the spore trap and real-time PCR were used to detect the dynamic of airborne spore at South Mountain and North Mountain in spring from 2013 to 2015, and investigate the disease severity and record the meteorological data, the correlations between them were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman. The results showed that the patterns of dynamic of airborne spore at two locations were similar, and the airborne spore density reached the maximum level during May to June. There were positive and significant correlation between spore density and disease index at two locations, and the coefficient reached 0.851 at South Mountain and 0.931 at North Mountain. The airborne spore density had positive correlation with temperature and sunlight duration, and had negative correlation with the relative humidity and rainfall except for 2013. Disease index of South Mountain had significant correlation with sunlight, temperature and rainfall day, that of North Mountain was only significantly correlated with the average relative humidity. Thus, based on monitoring the dynamic of airborne spore density and meteorological factors, it is conducive to make rational disease management, to achieve accurate management of wheat stripe rust.